When Age Catches Up: Health Issues in Senior Dogs

Slower walks, clouded eyes, or increased thirst may seem like normal aging, but they can signal underlying disease. Conditions such as arthritis, heart problems, and endocrine disorders are common in older dogs and are often manageable with timely care. A proactive approach helps senior pets stay comfortable and connected to the people who love them.

At Guam Pet Hospital in Hagåtña, Dr. Bob brings over 40 years of experience, including 25 years as a veterinarian with his doctorate from UC Davis, the number one veterinary school in the USA. As Pika’s Best Veterinarian of Guam for the last five years running, our team provides comprehensive general medicine, emergency care, and wellness services to help senior dogs age comfortably. We emphasize empathy- and love your pets like you do. When serious concerns arise after hours, we even offer emergency home visits so your senior dog can receive care where they feel safest.

Why Aging Is Not Always What It Seems

Many families assume a slower pace and extra naps are simply part of getting older. Aging does change metabolism, mobility, and cognitive function, but those changes do not happen in isolation. Sometimes what looks like normal aging is actually the early stage of a treatable condition.

The key is to look for patterns. A dog who stiffens briefly after a long walk may just need more recovery time. A dog who struggles to rise after resting, avoids stairs, or whimpers when touched may be experiencing arthritis pain that responds well to treatment. Twice-yearly exams are critical for dogs entering their senior years. Preventive testing for senior pets through blood work and imaging catches early changes while we can still act.

Common Health Conditions in Older Dogs

Senior dogs face a handful of chronic issues that tend to appear gradually. Understanding the warning signs helps you seek care at the right time. With regular veterinary support and small home adjustments, most senior dogs continue to enjoy active, comfortable lives.

Joint Pain and Mobility Changes

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common conditions in senior dogs. Cartilage breakdown causes inflammation, stiffness, and pain. You may notice hesitation jumping into the car, slower mornings, or a reluctance to play. Pain control is most effective when it is layered. Anti-inflammatory medications reduce swelling, weight control takes pressure off joints, and targeted exercises maintain strength.

Heart Disease

Heart conditions become more common with age. Early signs include nighttime coughing, slower walks, or occasional fainting. Heart disease diagnosis often begins with a murmur heard during an exam, then chest X-rays or an echocardiogram to understand structure and function. Medications can help the heart pump more efficiently and reduce fluid buildup. We encourage families to track resting respiratory rate during sleep and to contact us if that number begins to rise.

Declining Organ Function

Kidney and liver disease develop gradually as filtering and processing functions decline. Signs include increased thirst and urination, decreased appetite, weight loss, and lethargy.

Chronic kidney disease requires making medical and lifestyle changes through prescription diets, fluid therapy, and regular monitoring.
Liver disease in dogs may cause jaundice, vomiting, or behavior changes. Many dogs maintain a good quality of life for years with careful management and periodic blood work.

Hormonal Imbalances

Endocrine disorders become more common as glands change with age.

Diabetes mellitus causes excessive thirst, frequent urination, increased appetite with weight loss, and cataracts. Insulin and consistent feeding schedules control symptoms.
Hypothyroidism causes sluggishness, weight gain, and thinning coat. Hypothyroidism in dogs responds well to daily hormone replacement. With regular testing and dose adjustments, most dogs return to their usual energy and comfort.

Cognitive Changes

Some older dogs experience age-related brain changes similar to Alzheimer’s disease in people. Cognitive dysfunction syndrome in dogs can show up as disorientation, changes in sleep cycles, house-training accidents, or altered social interaction. Routines, gentle enrichment, and predictable cues reduce anxiety. Certain diets and supplements may support brain health. We work with families to create simple, repeatable daily patterns that help dogs feel secure.

Cancer Risk

Cancer risk rises with age. Warning signs include new lumps, non-healing sores, unexplained weight loss, or appetite changes. Types of cancer in pets vary in behavior and treatment. Early diagnosis opens more options, from surgery to palliative care. Any new lump deserves an exam and often a needle sample so we can plan sooner rather than later.

Dental Disease

Dental disease is widespread in seniors and can contribute to pain and systemic illness. Oral bacteria can affect the heart, liver, and kidneys. Signs include bad breath, dropping food, or pawing at the mouth. Professional cleanings under anesthesia allow full-mouth radiographs and targeted treatment. Many families report that their pets act years younger after a dental cleaning removes their pain and infection.

Comfort at Home for Senior Dogs

Small changes at home make a big difference. Supplements for senior dogs such as omega-3 fatty acids, glucosamine, and antioxidants may support joints and cognition.

Orthopedic beds cushion bony points. Non-slip rugs improve confidence on tile or concrete. Raised bowls reduce neck strain. If stairs are unavoidable, using a harness or ramp reduces fall risk. Assistive devices for dogs with arthritis and an arthritis-friendly home for dogs improve safety on slick floors and during car transfers.

Short, frequent walks maintain mobility without overexertion. Exercises for dogs with osteoarthritis can be adapted to your home and Guam’s climate. For Guam’s heat and humidity, schedule walks in the cooler morning or evening and provide shade and fresh water at all times.

The Power of Preventive Senior Care

Regular checkups and early testing change outcomes. Semi-annual exams help us spot subtle shifts before they become crises. Blood work tracks organ function, and dental assessments prevent painful infections. Imaging looks beyond what we can feel during an exam. The partnership between your family and our team produces the best results. You know your dog’s normal habits. We bring medical experience, diagnostics, and a plan that fits your home and your dog’s personality.

When urgent concerns arise outside office hours, we understand that transport can be stressful for older pets. That is why our practice offers after-hours emergency guidance and emergency home visits when appropriate, so care can reach your dog quickly and compassionately.

When to Call and What to Expect

Please contact us promptly if you notice any of the following in your senior dog:

  • A sudden change in drinking or urination
  • Repeated vomiting, diarrhea, or refusal to eat for more than 24 hours
  • New or worsening cough, especially at night
  • Difficulty rising or reluctance to move that lasts more than a day
  • New lumps, bleeding, or non-healing sores
  • Confusion, pacing, or nighttime restlessness

During your visit, we will discuss your observations, perform a complete exam, and recommend testing tailored to your dog’s needs. We explain results in clear terms and build a plan together. If hospitalization is not necessary, we help you manage care at home and arrange close follow-ups. If an after-hours crisis occurs, call our main number and follow the instructions so our team can be alerted. We will guide you step by step and advise whether an emergency home visit or hospital care is best.

Helping Your Senior Dog Thrive

Aging does not mean your dog must accept discomfort. Many conditions respond well to timely treatment and steady home care. With proactive veterinary support, appropriate medication, and thoughtful home adjustments, senior dogs remain active, alert, and deeply connected to their families.

If your dog is entering their senior years or showing signs of slowing down, schedule a senior wellness exam today. You can also contact us to discuss specific concerns. Our goal is simple. We love your pets like you do, and we are here to help them age comfortably and happily.